Bhutan Clean and Green

We are North Texas' Eco-friendly cleaning service. Keep Green and Clean is family owned and operated business that offers the highest quality, professional home and commercial cleaning service available in North Texas. We individualize our cleaning services for you and your home. Your unique needs are important to us, and we will take the time to listen to your specific requests. From the moment you walk into your home, you will know that we have been there. We offer one-time, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, occasionally, and move-in/move-out cleaning. Keep Green and Clean provides free in-house quotes, call or email today to get yours!! Whatever Matters!! Green and Clean Bhutan – A possibility ‘Keep Thimphu clean and green'- This is a message that many Thimphu residents read again and again. But, are we anywhere close to it? Thimphu is definitely not clean. Litters everywhere. Overflowing drains. 40 tonnes of waste a day is a lot – 85% of the waste being recyclable. Overflowing Memelakha. And no proper waste management system in place. A few ideas flung here and there – whether to employ a private firm to manage the wastes dig another landfill or buy an incinerator (which I don't really agree with). Make a decision and at least do something. Thimphu is not green either. May be a few roofs (I still remember the TCC's absurd regulation to paint the roofs green). Too few green spaces for people to enjoy. Neither a single energy efficient building (the BTF building in Taba may qualify as one) nor any efforts in this direction. The intra-city transportation system is still unattractive to many people. Too many gas-guzzlers. Proposal for electric trains and trams – I think we need more immediate, effective and simpler solutions. If Thimphu is any indicator, a green and clean Bhutan is definitely a distant, difficult dream. But we can achieve the dream if we tackle the problems head on. It is time for more action and less rhetoric. There are a few things that can be immediately done – 1. Make Civil Servants the ambassadors of a clean and green Bhutan – Everybody looks up to the civil servants in Bhutan. The Government should initiate the changes from within. Educate the civil servants on waste management and effective use of energy. Let them practice these things at home and in offices. The 17000 strong smart individuals can spread the messages more effectively to the general public. . Green Projects – The Government owns a large number of properties and vehicles. Evaluate if we are making efficient use of our office spaces? Are they energy efficient? Need we build more offices? And do we need many office vehicles? Make new infrastructures more environmentally friendly and energy efficient by using alternative building technologies and designs. The Environmentally Friendly Road Cons truction projects are some examples. We are building new towns – why cannot new towns like Denchi in Pema-Gatshel be designed as a green town? 3. Encourage the public – During the recent NA session, an MP said ‘attitude of people should change first, before leaving it to the concerned agencies to solve the problem'. This is indefensible. The government is the most able of all organizations and should take on the role of educating the public. If one channel of education doesn't work, try another. Encourage people to make/build their homes and offices environmentally friendly and energy efficient. There are many technologies available now. Provide financial incentives and technological assistance to procure them. The National Environment Protection Act 2007 provides for it. Allocate budget to make the provision 78 in the Act effective so that there is an uptake. We must not fall into the false sense of security that we live harmoniously with our environment and that we are doing enough because we have committed to maintain 60% of forest cover. The problems illustrated above are real and we risk being caught out sooner than later. Greener Way12 April, 2010 – A private firm has beaten the government to initiating a program to collect paper waste. The month-old firm called Greener Way has already collected seven tones of paper waste from various government agencies and schools. Its main objective is to save the environment, provide employment and keep Bhutan clean and green,† the owner of the firm, Kinga Om, said. The waste they collect will be sent to New Delhi, India. â€Å"It takes about 15 to 20 days to reach New Delhi through Jaigaon,† she said. Greener Way has sought all the 10 ministries’ help to collect paper waste. Kinga Om, a fresh graduate, said that, so far, most agencies Greener Way has approached have been cooperative and willing to bear the cost of the dustbins each of them would be using. Like any other private firm, Greener way also works seven days a week, from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm. So far, they have collected paper waste from the ministry of agriculture and forestry services. Rinchen high school, Rinchen Kuenphen primary school and the UNESCO (expand) office. Officiating chief forestry officer (CFO) at the nature conservation division said that they would also follow Greener Way and initiate the same by their ministry. â€Å"We’ll continue to support them and encourage such initiatives,† the officiating CFO said. Recycling is done to conserve on consumption of resources, energy and space used in landfills. Reports reveal that 90 percent of paper pulp is made from wood. Paper production accounts for about 35 percent of felled trees, and represents 1. 2 percent of world’s total economic output. It has been estimated that recycling half the world’s paper would avoid the harvesting of twenty million acres of forestland. The idea struck Kinga Om after four visits for research at Memelakha and finding out that 24 percent of waste is paper. It took about a month to set up their office near the automobile repair centre in Olakha, with help from Thimphu city cooperation (TCC), said Kinga Om. Before, the firm had a temporary junkyard at lower Motithang. Greener Way plans to set up branch offices in Gelephu, Samdrup jongkhar, Samtse, Thimphu and Chhukha. With the help of the education ministry, schools have been helping too. Rinchen high school was the first school to support in collecting paper waste. Greener Way will also be distributing its dustbins in Thimphu schools and later to rest of the schools in Bhutan within 10 days. Kinga Om has employed four university graduates and seven class XII graduates. â€Å"The toughest work is to collect waste from different places,† she said. â€Å"We request everyone in and around Bhutan not to throw paper waste but to collect it for us. †

Extreme Sports

One of the most Important things that a port or activity must have to be even being considered extreme Is a large amount of danger and In this case, the more the better. Other factors that go hand In hand with extreme danger are extreme levels of speed , outrageous heights and a high level of physical fitness as well as anything else that could be factored Into not normal. Most extreme sports do however have several common characteristics. They're not Just for today's youth and younger generation, but they do tend to draw a younger audience. Ere rarely will you find an extreme sport endorsed, or promoted by any popular porting company like Nikkei for example. Extreme sports and activities are mostly for individuals and unlike traditional sports; the term team doesn't apply or exist. Extreme sport individuals are also different in that they have a will and attitude to take risk and welcome danger and even possible injury. They seem to have a adrenaline drive when the outcome is uncert ain as to what will happen, always going for more speed, more height and bigger tricks under extreme conditions.This unquestionable drive gives these individuals the ability to surpass the limits of where others fear to go and do. They also tend to master their sport of choice alone or in the company of other extreme sporting individuals very rarely seeking coaching or training. Environments also play a large role in making extreme sports extreme. Extreme sports have a much higher certainty of uncontrolled factors than traditional sports.Extreme sports environments are most often in outdoor settings where weather and terrain can't be controlled thus making it more dangerous. The canvas extreme sport individuals use to paint their art on tends to be mountains and oceans. Using such elements like snow, wind and rain to heighten the levels of fisticuff and danger as well as the odds of succeeding. Some people may feel that extreme sports are nothing more than gatherings for the trouble d youths who reject authority and are bored with the â€Å"normal† or traditional sports.This statement may have been true fifteen to twenty years ago, but nothing could be farther from the truth that today's extreme sports and activities are growing ever more popular In the world than the traditional sports of baseball, football and basketball. Extreme Sports By canvasbacks extreme sport or activity is still questionable. One of the most important things that a port or activity must have to be even being considered extreme is a large amount of danger and in this case, the more the better.Other factors that go hand in hand with physical fitness as well as anything else that could be factored into not normal. Most extreme sports do however have several common characteristics. They're not Just for Very rarely will you find an extreme sport endorsed, or promoted by any popular weather and terrain can't be controlled thus making it more dangerous. The canvas truth that today's ex treme sports and activities are growing ever more popular in the Extreme Sports One of the most Important things that a port or activity must have to be even being considered extreme Is a large amount of danger and In this case, the more the better. Other factors that go hand In hand with extreme danger are extreme levels of speed , outrageous heights and a high level of physical fitness as well as anything else that could be factored Into not normal. Most extreme sports do however have several common characteristics. They're not Just for today's youth and younger generation, but they do tend to draw a younger audience. Ere rarely will you find an extreme sport endorsed, or promoted by any popular porting company like Nikkei for example. Extreme sports and activities are mostly for individuals and unlike traditional sports; the term team doesn't apply or exist. Extreme sport individuals are also different in that they have a will and attitude to take risk and welcome danger and even possible injury. They seem to have a adrenaline drive when the outcome is uncert ain as to what will happen, always going for more speed, more height and bigger tricks under extreme conditions.This unquestionable drive gives these individuals the ability to surpass the limits of where others fear to go and do. They also tend to master their sport of choice alone or in the company of other extreme sporting individuals very rarely seeking coaching or training. Environments also play a large role in making extreme sports extreme. Extreme sports have a much higher certainty of uncontrolled factors than traditional sports.Extreme sports environments are most often in outdoor settings where weather and terrain can't be controlled thus making it more dangerous. The canvas extreme sport individuals use to paint their art on tends to be mountains and oceans. Using such elements like snow, wind and rain to heighten the levels of fisticuff and danger as well as the odds of succeeding. Some people may feel that extreme sports are nothing more than gatherings for the trouble d youths who reject authority and are bored with the â€Å"normal† or traditional sports.This statement may have been true fifteen to twenty years ago, but nothing could be farther from the truth that today's extreme sports and activities are growing ever more popular In the world than the traditional sports of baseball, football and basketball. Extreme Sports By canvasbacks extreme sport or activity is still questionable. One of the most important things that a port or activity must have to be even being considered extreme is a large amount of danger and in this case, the more the better.Other factors that go hand in hand with physical fitness as well as anything else that could be factored into not normal. Most extreme sports do however have several common characteristics. They're not Just for Very rarely will you find an extreme sport endorsed, or promoted by any popular weather and terrain can't be controlled thus making it more dangerous. The canvas truth that today's ex treme sports and activities are growing ever more popular in the

A History, a past, and a Trail Essay

The discovery of the North American continent created, literally, an entirely new world. With the congestion of Europe and a desire for agricultural land, many from the East loaded upon massive carrier ships in sight of a new life. It was a long voyage across the Atlantic. The sight of the new world from off-shore had been described as â€Å"salvation†. What these settlers did not know was that they were entering into shore-side cities that were even more cramped than their original location. The flocking to â€Å"America† is what attributed to the congestion and size of New York itself. This degraded living conditions and created an entirely new form of social status that had never been seen by Europeans. Something needed to be done to spread out the population of the Eastern shore side. Luckily our â€Å"rookie† government, fresh out of a war, had a creative idea to promote a move to the West. These politicians, in a vote of fifty-two to fifty. decided to intervene by offering any married couple six-hundred and forty acres of land. This was the equivalent to one square mile of land. They labeled the effort: â€Å"Manifest Destiny†. One can imagine how tempting this sounds to factory workers and small time farmers. Previously to this, some early explorers thought it necessary to devise a route from East to West. Lewis and Clark were the first to map the journey. The route they took covered 2,170 miles and practically covered all of the land that was accessible to wagons(Wiki). After a little â€Å"fine-tuning† by John Jacob Astor, to avoid dangerous areas of the Rocky Mountains and hostile Blackfeet Indians, the â€Å"Oregon Trail† was set in stone. This sparked many to make the dangerous move from East to West. Settlers that lived in cramped suburbs and local â€Å"Camp Towns† now had the motivation to spread out their horizons in a search for wealth and happiness. Manifest Destiny developed from a dream to a reality. With all of this came the hearsay and rumors that many viewed as dangerous. Many had heard of the â€Å"Dead Lands† located in the South Western dessert. Fatal stories were told about land that was not suited for farming. Although this caused a delay among some settlers, many had no choice to move westward, and set off on to their destination. Starting in Kansas City, the Oregon Trail began following the Santa Fe Trail. The growth of Kansas City can be attributed to being at the start of the massive trail; Local business sky-rocketed within a few years (END). The need for supplies caused many stores to become profitable overnight. Since there wasn’t much along the route to Oregon, many had to stock up for the long journey. Horses, food, and spare parts were just some of the many items a traveler would need to complete the journey (END). Many referred to the Kansas City area as â€Å"The Docks†, in reference to it being a loading dock for the expansion. After leaving Kansas City, and sticking to the rules of survival, wagons would use the natural terrain to their advantage. Many would stick to lower valleys that followed the river. After a few years, the trail was actually visible to those who traveled it; however, this does not seem to hold true for the remainder of the trip. Nebraska was in sight for most that started the trip. After crossing the Blue River it was just one river after another until arriving at the Rocky Mountains. Along the way, settlements began to form, which made the journey easier. The more who traveled, the easier it became. Many did not actually travel the entire route. If a good location or opportunity arose, families would start their new lives at that very spot along the trail (Wiki). Since many had no idea of where they were going to live when they completed their journey, it made sense that, if a good location was spotted along the way, that became their home. This is what forged cities and trade routes along the way. Even in the Rocky Mountains people began to settle. Mountain towns became good places to start the logging industry. With the rivers along the Oregon Trail flowing from North to South, logs from the Rockies found their way back down the trail to Kansas City. The direction of trade, however, was not a one-way street. The towns that were created along the trail needed supplies too. Many who traveled beyond the Rocky Mountains were sure to bring over-stocked supplies with them. Supplies were almost as valuable as gold on the Oregon Trail. Beyond the Rockies, it was pretty much a straight shot to Oregon. Following rivers one could go as far as Washington State. Many started homes in the forests of Oregon. After avoiding the southern desserts, it was clear that this area was suitable for cultivation and living. The only problem was that Oregon had harsh winters and very short windows of time for farming. New ways, such as the gold rush, were what sealed the fate of the northwestern states as being a contributing district of America. The settlers of western America were not just poor people looking for a way out of trouble. Many rich tycoons took advantage of the rising boom towns. When starting any venture, most people need a lender. Banks started to sprout at several points along the trail. In terms of business, it was common practice for towns to make their start, purely on credit. Many say that this is the reason the west side of the continent received venues for big business. It was until a newer improved method of transportation was devised that the Oregon Trail became the secondary path to the west. Until the invention of the Transcontinental Rail Road, the Oregon Trail was the main route for traversing the middle section of the country (Vance, 1961). People still relied on animal-based transportation and inefficient ways to cultivate their lands . This is where a change needed to take place the most in our country. Since the land was harder to farm and many were having a hard time finding the resources to do so, many believe that ingenuity was the only answer to the west’s problems. The need of the settlers is what sparked the inventions that farmers were looking for. New methods of plowing and irrigation were among the advancements along the trail. It seems, though, that pure luck and not the Oregon Trail is the hammer that etched the fate of the western states into stone. The Gold Rush of 1848-1855 drove the remainder of the population to the west . The search for gold and prosperity could be seen in people throughout the country. Although most were left empty handed, they had at least gained a new home in the left side of our country. This new home would suit them nicely. In the end, the Oregon Trail can be said to have carved a path of prosperity along the horizon of our nation. The details of this can often be seen in cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco. Many started on a destination of uncertainty and ended up with more than they had bargained for. The rest worked hard and put food on the plate. History is the only area that the Oregon Trail is used today. Even though US Highway number 26 practically parallels the trail, the duration of the trail stays in the culture and heritage of families that live in the Western United States. Works Cited http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/histhome.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Trail

Formative Assessment Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Formative Assessment - Research Paper Example In this paper, I describe how I will create a formative assessment for a class I will be teaching and the role the psychometric models will play in my creation of the assessment. Moreover, I explain how I will use observation situation in my assessment and discuss the challenges I expect to encounter during creation of my assessment. 1. Creating a formative assessment for my class According to Brookhart (2010), it is necessary to organizing a formative assessment as a regular part of a learning instruction. The formative assessment will be organized in such a way that it will be incorporated into my teaching instructions. Before creating it, I will first decide what its purpose will be by selecting a formative assessment strategy that will serve my intended purpose better. I will then apply the formative assessment strategy I have selected to choose particular learning goals I will be assessing in my formative assessment. In addition, I will select what I will look for as my students undertake the assessment. Together we will think about how this assessment will help us in improving the learning process. Formative assessment chain consists of four activities which are: taking student response, monitoring the response, diagnose this response, share feedback based on this diagnose, helping student to use this feedback to learn better (Tuttle, 2010). In designing my formative assessment, I aim to consider all the four activities. I will first put into consideration the students’ responses based on what I suspect their learning skills and abilities are when selecting what to assess and how to assess it. After this, I will design a method that I can use to diagnose their response so that I can be able to determine their strength, weakness, and abilities. Then I will share the feedback from diagnose with my students and lastly using my knowledge and experience I will help my students to use this feedback to improve their learning. My formative assessment will have three components that are the feed-up, feedback and feed-forward. The main aim of feed-up will be to ensure that my students will always understand the purpose of the assignments, tasks, and lessons in use as part of my assessment. According to Frey and Fisher (2010), purpose drives both feedback and feed-forward. Thus, by ensuring that my students understand what they do and what they come across, I am certain I will be able to obtain accurate feedback that will be easy to implement in my feed-forward. I will use the feedback to obtain the information about the strengths and needs of my students. I will also use them to provide my students with this information. My main source of feedbacks will be assignments outcomes, observing how my students undertake the tasks, and assessing those tasks. I will observe how they learn during lessons. Most of this feedback will be in data form and, thus, they will require analysis and interpretation. I will use my statistical analysis and st atistical modeling to enhance my understanding of this data to give my students feedback that is as accurate as possible. I will use my feed-forward to guide my students’ learning based on the feedback I obtain from their performance data. In this component, I will put into consideration the students’ strengths, needs and weaknesses to design a teaching framework that can improve the learning of my students. In addition, I will be helping

Retail Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Retail Branding - Essay Example The current interest in retail branding is scarcely to be wondered at, given that, as Ailawadi and Keller acknowledged, ‘’With the growing realization that brands are one of a firm’s most intangible assets, branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade’ (p.1). If one looks at a breakdown of the revenue of a major retailer, one will usually find that a large proportion of that revenue comes from the sale of manufacturer’s goods. However, this poses problems for retailers given the incredibly competitive nature of the marketplace – many stores might stock exactly the same goods, and quite probably at similar prices. They thus have to focus on developing marketing strategies which will encourage consumers, when faced with a choice of stores, all of which sell what they want, to choose one over another. As Ailawadi and Keller note, ‘building their [retailers] own equity is a particularly challenging problem, but one wi th big potential rewards. Such equity insulates them from competing retailers’ (p.1). The definition of retail branding offered by the Canadian Marketing Blog supports this, stating that it ‘is about differentiating, a unique personality, a true point of difference’. ... n incredibly wide range of factors, from the assortment of goods on offer in the store, to the level of customer service and comfort they experienced while shopping there, to their pricing and credit policies, and of course the quality of the goods sold. This stands in contrast to a consumer’s opinion of a product brand, which is more likely to have been constructed mostly from their opinions on that product’s marketing campaigns, and any experiences they’ve had of that brand’s goods. Identifying the manifold elements that strongly influence the construction and perception of a retailers’ brand image, we might conclude that the general atmosphere in the store, the prices and presence or absence of attractive promotions or reductions, and the range of products are perhaps the most important. One might think that price is always the most important factor in decisions made by consumers, but Brown highlighted long ago that price perception is more impor tant that actual prices. In short, if a retailer intends to market its brand based principally on its price, Brown found that for consumers, what was important was that they believed a store’s prices to be low, rather than whether they actually were. Therefore, a retailer has to work on getting all of these elements right in order to create the best possible experience for consumers frequenting their stores, in order to build up networks of loyalty and patronage among consumers. The key is winning over large numbers of consumers who believe that a particular retailer offers a superior shopping experience, and will recommend that retailer to their friend and family networks, as well a visiting it again themselves. Of course, manufacturer brands, as Ailawadi and Keller acknowledge, can be useful in creating a

Chinese Economic Reform Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Chinese Economic Reform - Coursework Example The introduction of the reforms in 1978 allowed China to be a part of the few countries who were quickly heading towards the economies which were growing rapidly. It is also ahead in the field of exporting as well as importing of goods. According to statistics, the rate of poverty has fallen down since 1981 till 2005 from a 40 percent to 29 percent (The World Bank, 2008) and that is due to their industrialization sector. But now today, there seems to be a major problem with the ever growing population and inflation. The income of the rural-urban sectors seems to be dwindling and that indeed is a problem which needs to be dealt with. So, my motivation behind selecting this topic is to prepare a report about the inflation crisis in China and also how the monetary bank with their policy is going to control it. Therefore, that is my research question also, My objective in writing this report is to present with a discussion concerning inflation and what it is. Specifically, inflation in China will be considered and also the policies that the Chinese officials have undertaken in order to control it. I would also like to introduce the term inflation briefly and then further in chapter 2 I will explain it in detail. In February since the last 11 years the rate at which China's inflation grew was tremendous but not in a good way. Due to this everything turned upside down; it added immense pressure on the Chinese government to come up with plans to hold or slow down the economy and for the central bank to make an increase in their interest rates. One can say that China has sealed its own economic doom but I am hopeful that with these policies the inflation will be under control. In the coming chapters I will be discussing in length about the 1979 economic reform background, the government policies, inflation situations, economic theory, bank of China, central bank monetary policies, literature reviews of China's rapid growth and at the end an analysis of the

Recombinant Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recombinant Art - Essay Example 23 Mar. 2009 ). From oulipo to recombinant poetics Interaction with different forms of generative production enables one to dynamically explore emergent meaning. New forms of computer-based art can make it possible for participants to actively become engaged in aspects of the production of the work. Each "user" of a specifically authored computer-mediated system may have a quite different experience emerging through interaction. Yet, emergent systems can also be analogue in nature. There is an interesting commonality to generative literary, artistic, and musical production that is relevant to the OULIPO, Recombinant Poetics, as well as techno-audio remix culture. In the following, I will compare and contrast approaches to combinatorics from the perspective of each of these fields of research. OULIPO (Ouvroir de litrature potentielle - The Workshop for Potential Literature) "does not want to be considered a literary school, or to overtly advance specific ideologies or theories, its goals portray an understanding of literature that merits outline and critique". In his illuminating book entitled OULIPO - A Primer of Potential Literature, Warren F. Motte, Jr., outlines the history of OULIPO, which was conceived at the initiative of Raymond Queneau and Franois Le Lionnais: It was born...

Apple Hamdi 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Apple Hamdi 3 - Essay Example Operation: Apple products are free from toxins such as BFR. The products are enclosed in highly recyclable aluminium. The firm also outsources production to the third party OEM partners so as to eliminate the burden of production management. By manufacturing components inside the Company, this eliminates the transaction cost of purchasing them in the market thus optimizing the plant’s utilization. As a result, it results to greater economies of scale. The firm also needs to locate its production units near a cluster of suppliers so as to reduce the costs of purchasing and distribution (Apple Inc., 2013). Outbound logistics: Apple needs to use a variety of direct and indirect distribution channels. The electronic Company is improving its capacities for distribution by increasing the number of its own retail stores globally. Lastly, Apple Inc. has developed economical packaging. This reduces material waste and emissions produced on transit (Apple, 2014). Sales and marketing: sales and are very crucial in ensuring that a firm sells its products. Apple makes use of both print and electronic media to advertise their products. Apple can make use of radio, television, and newspapers, as well as online marketing tools such as Facebook and Twitter to increase its scope of customer reach. This saves the cost of rent or salespeople at the stores. As part of its marketing strategy, the firm has entered into patent cross-licensing and also technology agreements with Microsoft. This was after years of unimpressive growth in market share. So as to maintain its market share, Apple has their own branded stores internationally that assist sell their products (Apple, 2014). Procurements: Recently, the firm realised that outsourcing the raw materials; core ingredients in the manufacture of a product that already exists in the market may be considered as a step towards gaining competitive advantage by Apple Inc (Apple, 2014). Human resource

Research on Primark Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On Primark - Research Paper Example Therefore, it is quite apparent that the research approaches and methods radically influence the research content. Research philosophy is a belief about the way in which data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analyzed and used. This thesis is a qualitative case study which focuses on an analysis of the HR policies prevailing in Primark. To carry out such a study in general we resort to two main approaches; Deductive reasoning; which works from the more general to the more specific subjects. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. In such approach we take up the 'theory' and then try to apply it to the hypotheses that we intend to test. Gradually we narrow down to the testing of data and observations for their applicability to the theory/ theories to arrive at a confirmation of its applicability or not. Such an approach require that we enlist the HR principles concerning effective management, motivation, customer relationship management, employees turnover etc. and then see how the ideal situation applies to Primark, by taking relevant data from the company. The Inductive approach on the other hand begins with collecting data, specific observations, which then lead to broader generalization and theories. Such an approach in called as "bottom up" approach. The patterns thus detected are formulated into tentative hypotheses and we can therefore arrive at some general conclusion about our subject. This appears to be a more practical approach, as we need to collect data from different sources and then come out with the inferences after taking a look at the things projected by data. For example if we find that most of the employees are new to the company that effectively points towards a high employees' turnover. Similarly, if most of the employees express their resentment with the way staff matters are handled by the company, that goes on to indicate about lack of proper motivational strategies in the company. However this study is undertaken with a balanced mix of both these approaches so that we get to analyze the organization as well as established theories. Data Collection Requirements For this study, we need main input from the people working for Primark, for which one method is to take the company reports. But these annual reports mainly highlight the financial aspects and do not contain much info about the employees' issues. Secondly, the company's HR records could form the basis for setting up the record structure, but the company will surely not be forthcoming with their official requirements until it is a statutory requirement. This study is purely for academic purposes, so we'll have to look for other means of collecting data. Therefore, while secondary data can be had from earlier similar studies, books and annual reports, making use of questionnaire therefore appears to be the best option for collecting Primary data. Justification of Strategy Collecting data using a questionnaire seems to be the best approach under the circumstances, because with its help we will have detailed answers to some of our curious questions. Going over to each individual and then asking him/her the questions might not be a viable option because it requires enough time on the part of the respondent as well as on the part of th

Ethanol effect on kidney Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethanol effect on kidney - Article Example Therefore, chronic abuse of ethanol impairs the sodium level of the kidneys by affecting the liver function which can also result in acute kidney failure in a few cases. To further understand the ill effects of ethanol for human body and the society in general, the paper will aim at exploring the site of action of ethanol alongside the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of ethanol along with other functional and structural complexities. Based on the analysis, the extent and the nature of effects which ethanol leaves on the renal system and the human body as a general may be generalized. Ethanol, which is most commonly consumed via intake of alcohol, has been known for many years for its intoxicating and pleasant effects. The secret to how ethanol affects brain function which in turn affects the entire human body have been revealed by recent studies. A decade ago, a study conducted by NIH Institute of Abuse and Alcohol achieved a breakthrough when the membrane channel of the brain activated by ethanol was discovered. This channel is also called the G Protein is constitutes various brain cells and it affects the potassium channel which in turn manages various brain functions. More recent studies indicate that the part of the molecule connected to GIRK actually has a site, and ethanol tends to assist GIRK in binding to that site. Thus the site may also be referred to as alcohol-binding in nature. Thus, this is the point where ethanol tends to bind GIRK. In other words, the site where GIRK is connected contains an amino acid sequence supports ethanol`s binding ability. However, once the mind is addicted to ethanol, chances for ethanol abuse increases which pose a risk for renal failure. In other words, alcohol binding site isn`t the only site where ethanol affects the body function, instead it also interferes with liver and kidney functions. (Acton 66) Research indicates that ethanol directly

Nike store Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nike store - Research Paper Example Nike is involved in sponsoring famous athletes and high profile sports figures all over the world. These include baseball players such as Michael Jordan and Steve Nash, tennis players such as Jim Courier, James Blake, Serena Williams, world’s top golf players such as Tiger Woods among others. It has also sponsored world leading football clubs such as Brazil, France and Portugal and other minor events such as high school ball games. Nike has created a number of print and television advertisements in order to establish the credibility of its name. Advertisements may not only serve as a sales tool but may also serve a rhetorical purpose of credibility, persuasion and logic. The most famous advertisement campaign was the â€Å"Just do it† campaign. This advertisement consists of a logo of a swoosh sign and a slogan with a tag line titled â€Å"Just do it†. The slogan is strategically positioned next to the logo. The logo and the tag line are used to represent Nike’s goals and achievement of victory. They serve as icons that represent action and excellence, terms in which any human society can use to relate to.. According to the readings of Arnheim, Barthes and McCloud, the logo and slogan do not represent some kind of image, but rather, give a description of the functions fulfilled by the images. The swoosh logo and the tag line stand for a particular content without visually reflecting its features (Arnheim). The slogan â€Å"Just do it† sounds simple but definitely has a deeper meaning meant to evoke reaction in a human being. In a broader sense, it can be seen to mean don’t think, talk or ask about it just do it. The visual display of the swoosh logo next to it complements this motto (Barthes). These two iconic features can be used to encourage sports figures who may face pressure from their teams. It encourages them to

Cult and Brainwashing Essay Example for Free

Cult and Brainwashing Essay Brain washing which entails coercive persuasion to eradicate former beliefs and institute in their place new beliefs, has been widely linked to the emergence of cultic groups. Concerns on the motivating factor behind an individual’s acceptance to join a cultic group have been the subject of research and controversies from numerous studies. From these studies it can be surmised that the justification of an individual’s decision to join cultic groups could either be serious family problems and non family related issues, or relational issues with both family and peers. In addition, individuals with a high predisposition to crises and those who have had put up with the absence of a father during their childhood were also found to be more susceptible to join cultic groups. In social psychology, cult development and brain washing are interrelated issues that often attract disputes. Brain washing is often used to denote the process by which individual persons are influenced through a process that is manifested intentionally and through systematically applied techniques that are not only traumatizing, but are also aimed at instilling obedience through ideological resocialization (Dawson, 2003). Through the use of coercive persuasion, former beliefs are eradicated and new beliefs instituted in their place. It may also comprise manipulation of an individual’s social influence systematically (Kaplan Hellen, 2005). Its existence in the field of social psychology is a widely disputed topic due to the fact that it is not a recognized theoretical concept, but rather a sensationalist’s explanation that is used in reference to cultists and revival preachers. Not only do parties disagree on whether social process that attempt to influence individuals coercively exist, but the existence of their social outcome, which entails that individuals become influenced contrary to their will, is also an issue that elicits concern (Taylor Taylor, 2005). Critics of the brain washing perspective argue that it presents a simplistic perspective to be employed by those intent on locating effective social weapons to counter disfavored groups. They therefore, contend that any perceived relative success on those efforts aimed at achieving social control should obscure the fact that the notion of brain washing lacks a scientific basis to support the exposed opinions. Despite the negative attributes levied on cults, they also carry intrinsic advantages. One such merit is that they are seen as channels of transition to individual members. Even though members do not always belong to cults on a permanent basis, the experience they have while in cultic groups is often an exhilarating one, as they often recount (Wilson Cresswell, 1999). Proponents of cultic movements often cite clinical studies done on the psychological effects of becoming a member of a cultic group as the basis for favoring these groups. According to these studies, becoming a member of a cultic group has a therapeutic effect rather than a harmful effect. Other studies carried on cultist practices have also shown that what may be regarded as psychopathology of religious or spiritual nature may be a means for spiritual growth and expression of religious affiliation and religious stage (Kaplan Hellen, 2005). The notion of brain washing may also be a subtle form of behavior control which entails a system of reward or punishment for action. Education is a noteworthy example of behavior control mechanism targeted at achieving a desired behavior (Dawson, 2003). When behavior modification techniques are employed in a loving, caring and consistent manner, a change of behavior often results without feelings of resentment. On the contrary, perversion of behavior control techniques results in damage to emotions and psyche. Cults use a perverted form of behavior modification that ultimately damages the emotions of the individual. Through cognitive dissonance, cultic groups are able to remain strong even in the face of a failure of their predictions (Taylor Taylor, 2005). Social psychology espouses that cult development is founded on a basic premise of cognitive dissonance which explains why some cult adherents tend to become even stronger and resolute when their predictions fail. These individuals often find ways of coping psychologically with the experienced failure and they dissociate from the failure through: control of behavior, control of thoughts, and control of emotions. These three elements are interdependent, implying that when one is eliminated the others cease to operate effectively. Moreover, when the three elements are altered, the affected individual goes through a complete change (Wilson Cresswell, 1999). Behavior control entails management of a person’s physical reality which involves such aspects as an individual’s place of residence, employment, what an individual eats and where he or she sleeps (Kaplan Hellen, 2005). It explains why most cults impose stringent schedules for its members. In extreme cases, a cult member can willfully participate in his punishment, believing that he deserve it! Thought control, on the other hand, involves thought indoctrination of its members to the extent that members manipulate their own thought processes. An ideology held by the cultists is internalized as the correct ideology and forms a set of belief system through which information received by an individual member of the cult is filtered and processed before either being rejected or accepted. Through the use of a unique and specific language member’s’ thought processes are regulated in a manner that alienates them from a non cultic groups (Wilson Cresswell, 1999). Another mechanism employed by cultic groups is the thought- stopping techniques, which involves the use of mediation, singing, chanting or concentrated praying, which harbors an individual’s ability to test the reality. The person desists from blaming the group and shifts the blame to him in the event of a problem (Taylor Taylor, 2005). On the other hand, emotional control involves manipulation of an individual’s range of feelings. Control is achieved through the propagation of guilt and anxiety. The fear of being ostracized by cult leaders if a member is not seen to be adhering to the practices of the cult is created. Moreover, use of phobia indoctrination that elicits a panic reaction in an individual, helps ensure the individual remains in the cult, every time the individual thinks of leaving the group (Dawson, 2003). Another component of cognitive dissonance is information control which involves managing of the group member’s source of information. This is founded on the basic premise that denying people information needed to make sound judgment is usually expected to render them incapable of making those changes. This notion is widely employed in cultic groups, resulting in psychological chains that lock away its adherent from realities in the society (Kaplan Hellen, 2005). Susceptible Groups Of particular concern to the field of social psychology is the motivating factor behind an individual’s acceptance to join a particular cult. Numerous studies surmised from persons who formerly belonged to cult groups have in many occasions found a link between their joining cults and serious family and non family problems (Dawson, 2003). Typical issues such as a history of poor relationships both with individual’s family and peers were characteristic of these individuals. In addition it was also noted that young individuals with a high predisposition to crises also tended to join cults (Taylor Taylor, 2005). Still other studied note that those who have had to put with the absence of a father during childhood and who face a myriad of challenges often join cults. These observations have also been found to be consistent with a study that indicated that non converts tended to hold less authoritarian values compared to new converts to cults. Cults have been discredited with fostering, regression, paralysis of thought and dislocation of reality. The negative characterization of cults may however, be a result of interviewing former cult members , who may have left due to dissatisfaction, and who are thus predisposed to give negative views (Taylor Taylor, 2005). Reference Dawson, L. L. (2003). Cults and new religious movements: a reader. New York. Wiley-Blackwell. Kaplan, J. , Hellen, L. (2002). The cultic milieu: oppositional subcultures in an age of globalization. New York. Rowman Altamira. Taylor, K. , Taylor, K. E. (2005). Brainwashing: The Dream of Mind Control. New York. Oxford UP. Wilson, B. R. , Cresswell, J. (1999). New Religious Movements: Challenge and Response. Belmont, CA. Routledge.

Right to Information Act, 2005 | Analysis

Right to Information Act, 2005 | Analysis RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT, 2005 VIDYA SAGAR KOMMU INTRODUCTION: The knowledge and the freedom of information are playing an important role in the society for the advancement. For a country like India, which is one of the biggest democracy in the world it is necessary to provide accountability and transparency in the governance. To achieve this there should be freedom of information to the citizens of the country and this as a right. It is the responsibility of the state. So, in the Indian constitution under the fundamental rights article 19 talks about protection of certain rights of all citizens. And article 19 (1) (a) talks about freedom of speech and expression. It is meaningless unless until it provide the access to get information. So, under this article the right to information emerged to facilitate the access to the information. Even though it is recognized as fundamental right we need a process through which we can exercise this there created a necessity for an act to come. As a result, The Right To Information Act came to exist in 2005 i n India. Various countries in the world have already been practicing this Act with different names for many years. This act is referred to as Freedom of Press Act in Sweden, in USA and UK this act is called Freedom of Information Act, in South Africa it is Promotion of Access to Info Act, in New Zealand it is Official Information Act, in Pakistan it is called Right to Information Act. 90 countries in the World have been practicing this Act. Before this act was passed in the center different states of India have also been practicing this act. Tamil Nadu and Goa has been practicing this Act since 1997 and Rajasthan and Karnataka have been practicing since 2000. Delhi since 2001 and Maharashtra and Assam enacted this since 2002. Actual journey of the Right to Information Act in India has started in 1923 through the Official Secret Act. Later in early 1990s it again gained some importance and in the year 2005 after repetitive petitions the RTI Act was passed. ABOUT THE RTI ACT, 2005: This Act was enacted by the permission and the authority of the President of India. In the Parliament, it was enacted in June, 2005. This Act is applicable to all the states in the country but not to Jammu and Kashmir. This Act main objective is to facilitate the access to get information to citizens of the country in a secure way and by this to encourage accountability and transparency in governance. Here the information seek by the citizens is may be in any form. It may be physical form like records, papers, documents, etc or it may be in digital form like e-mails or in any electronic form. There are some exceptions to reveal the information in this Act also. Information that cannot have access to reveal is information related to sovereignty and integrity of India, information prevented by Courts, Cabinet papers, information related to issues under investigation, trade secrets, intellectual property, information related to fiduciary relationship. In Indian constitution, article 19 (2) talks about this. If anyone wants to get some information he/she has send a request to public authority with whatever the fees applicable. They can send their request by writing it on paper, letter or even by electronic media also. They have to mention the full address of the public authority. After receiving the request by the Public Information Officer (PIO) he has to check whether the seeking information is allowed or not. If it is allowed then the PIO will send that information within 30 days. Otherwise it may reject due to some reasons like security, copyright, commercials, etc. If the person, who requested do not get the requested information or proper response from the public authority within 30 calendar days, the person has a chance to give a complaint either to Information Commission or to first appellate authority. This type of complaints can give due to various reasons like late response, demand of cost of information that is not at all reasonable. For the first appeal, the applicant has to application fee along with his/her application. There is no fee when one appeals to Central Government offices. The officer senior to Public Information Officer is called first appellate authority. After one’s appeal reached to this appellate authority they will ask an explanation from PIO. They might invite the person to hear. They will pass a reasonable order within 30-45 days. If the person is not satisfied then also he /she can file second appeal either with State Information Commissioner or with Central Information Commissioner, according to the case. There is no such given time limit for getting response at this level. Too many cases are filed up with these offices. IMPORTANT SECTIONS OF RTI ACT: The RTI Act consists of more than 30 sections and its subsections. In order to get response every time, one has to know about all sections and amendments related to this act. Here are the some important sections of this act Section 3 tells that all citizens have the right. Section 4 tells about proactive disclosures by authorities. Section 6 deals with the request for obtaining information. Section 7 tells about how a person request will be treated. Section 8 tells about exemptions. Section 19 (1): First appeal Section 19 (3): Second appeal Section 20: Penalties and Disciplinary actions. CRITICAL ANALYSIS: This act has been utilized by the people to get information and acted as a tool for judicial approachability wherein the effectiveness may vary from state to state. It has always stood as the authentic means to get information in a formal way in various sectors from education to land. This has also disclosed the regularities to inefficiencies. An empirical evidence for RTI success is the RTI filed by Activist Anil Galgali for Reliance Infra regarding meter connection details. Initially, he was denied information that it was for the public authority, later he complained to the State Information Commission of Maharashtra for deny of information. Due to intervention taken by SIC even the case moved to Bombay High Court, stay was given by Bombay HC on the decision of SIC Maharashtra. RTI has played a vital role and have attained success in various cases such as monitoring of attendance of village in UP school teachers, payment of pension dues from railways, corruption in the master of role in the employment guarantee schemes. RTI also gives the privilege of filing a case irrespective of age which was utilize by an 9 year old student to monitor over the over-speeding of vehicles. Though the Central Information Commission as the power to penalize the politicians does not provide information about their assets and liabilities within stipulated prescribed time but until now this provision is not often used. Our former Prime Minister had stated that even though the RTI Act had been working good there were few concerns regarding public servants expressions. Aruna Roy had criticized the former Prime Ministers view saying the Government has always been inefficient. RTI has also resulted in violence like threatening and in some cases it has also costed lives about 250. The most famous killings were of Satish Shetty from Pune who exposed the land scam, Lalit kumar Mehta for exposing corruption in MGNREGA, and Shela Masood being shot dead at Bhopal. Though the RTI was brought with a noble intention, it is also misuse by pseudo activist where they tend to get an incentive by blackmailing the people wherein it is further leading to ill practices in the society. CONCLUSION: The RTI has brought a sort of monitory and accountability to check the irregularities and inefficiencies in the government. The awareness regarding RTI is low in terms of how to apply, initiation, and some feel that the government is not towards the positive approach of it. The long urge of RTI activists were addressed through Whistle Blowers Protection Act in 2014 wherein it gives power to complainant to make complaint to Competent Authority. For making RTI Act more feasible it has to adopt a type of single window clearance system through appointment of officers and staff for making the process and getting information quickly. Further, the government should show keen interest to protect the interest of whistle blowers and activists. RTI can be seen as an ultimate tool for the public to make informed choices that would help to re-imagine future and build a better society.

The Structure Of The Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay

The Structure Of The Travel And Tourism Industry Tourism Essay Travel and tourism is one of the most vibrant and largest industries that extend ample job opportunities for individuals with the appropriate skills, understanding and attitude (Driver 2001). This industry has now explicated into one of the worlds most significant industries. This industry is one of the significant developing sectors of the UK economy (Costa 1995, p. 12). It has developed speedily since the Second World War and now has become one of the globes largest industries. UK travel and tourism industry employs more than 2.1 million people that evidence its importance for the country. The industry serves customers with an extensive range of products, services and facilities according to their specific needs. The industry operates in a specific manner that is essential to understand before entering it (Knowles, Teixeira Egan 2003, p. 47). The industrys significance can be understood with its efforts in terms of Visitbritain that is Britains national tourism agency, accountable for marketing Britain overseas (Coulter 2003, p. 20). This agency works with thousands of UK and overseas organizations, to market Britain effectively to visitors from all over world. It basically works for promoting UK tourism industry. This module is designed in a way that will assist in investigating the UK travel and tourism industry. It will enhance our knowledge towards the travel and tourism industry suppliers that include tour operators, travel agent, accommodation and transport organization (Costa 1995, p. 12). Throughout this industry analysis that will be taken here, it will become easy to recognize the structure of the travel and tourism industry, acknowledge the main industry suppliers and the process used by them to distribute their products. Here, the different components of the industry will be studied along with the discussion of their interrelation. As well, this paper will also assist in exploring different travel and tourism organisations of the industry from government and private sectors. The industry evaluation will also assist in learning about the latest industry developments and their affect on present industry position. Industry investigation will be completed in two parts. In first part of the paper an education information section of website will be developed that will illustrate the structure of the travel and tourism industry. In the second part of the paper, a travel or tourism organization will be selected to evaluate its functioning. This in turn will be completed with the help of developing an illustrated case study for a forthcoming special feature of online travel and tourism trade newspaper. This case study will help in identifying the specific functions of selected travel or tourism organization. In this way, this comprehensive model will assist in identifying UK travel and tourism industry structure and functioning. The Structure of the Travel and Tourism Industry Structure of UK travel tourism industry can be understood effectively by understanding its different aspects, components and functions. For understanding industry structure it is essential to evaluate its each and every aspect from suppliers to customers that can be done by assessing its different aspects individually (Costa 1995, p. 13). Meaning of Travel and Tourism Find a single definition of travel and tourism is not easy with which everyone agrees. Travel is movement of individuals from one place to another with the help of different types of transport whereas tourism embraces the all inclusive process of people visiting diverse destinations for a number of reasons along with industry support (Moutinho 2000). Although one thing on which everyone agrees is that travel and tourism is a big business and the industry generates significant profit. Travel and tourism is also a constituent of leisure as all of us go for holidays or visits throughout our leisure time (Thrift Walling 2000, p. 97). In accordance to the World Tourism Organisation, tourism is the momentary, short-term movement of individuals to places outside and inside their domestic locations, where they usually live and work (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Tourism involves movement of individuals for all kinds of reasons and their activities throughout their visits. These definitions evidence that who is tourists: People who are far from their home or residence. People who are on a temporary or short-term visit like holidays (Goodall 1997, p. 243). Individuals who are allied with travel and tourism activities. Overnight or day visit in leisure time. Trip related to business or visiting friends or relatives (Moutinho 2000). The main types of tourism in the UK industry are domestic tourism, incoming or inbound tourism or outbound tourism. Domestic Tourism: It is when individuals take holidays, short breaks and day trips in their own country. In the year 2000, overall 174.5 million trips were made by British people, within the UK (Jessica 2003). Incoming/Inbound Tourism: This type of tourism is related to international tourism when other country people are entering the UK. In 2000, overall 25.2 million overseas visitors came in UK with different intents (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Outbound Tourism: Outbound tourism pertains to when individuals travel away from their home country to visit some other international countries for holiday or business activities (Ward 2002, p. 41). The prominent industry suppliers are travel agents, tour operators and accommodation providers. All types of tourism are managed with the help of industrys suppliers and distributors (Moutinho 2000). Differences between the Three Economic Sectors The UK travel and Tourism industry is classified in three economic sectors: Public Sector: This economic sector of the industry provides services for public and it is collectively paid through government. For the effective operation of this sector, elected bodies like local council and Parliament are responsible. Most of the public services provided are non-profit making (Jessica 2003). Services offered through this sector involves museums and art galleries, youth and community centres, leisure clubs, public halls, playing fields, catering services, information centres, libraries etc. Visit Britain, DCMS, FCO, Regional Development Agencies and English Heritage are some of the examples of public sector tourism organizations (Rowe Smith 2002). Private Sector: The private sector of tourism industry includes diverse commercial operators managed by different individuals and companies. The substantial aim of these individuals and companies is to generate profits by offering different travel and tourism services and products to customers (Moutinho 2000). The significant private sector activities in regard to travel and tourism are in the domains of retail sales, entertainment, catering and accommodation, travel services and tourism. In modern era, number of private travel and tourism organizations operate in UK like Rank, Granada, Ladbrokes, Thomas Cook and Virgin (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). These private sector organizations serve customers with facilities like travel agencies, theme parks, golf course, health and leisure clubs, restaurants and hotels (BDO Hospitality Consulting 1996, p. 8). Voluntary Sector: Organizations that belong to voluntary sector are directed and operated by volunteers. It includes non-profit making or charitable organizations such as travel or local sport clubs. These types of organizations provide some financial advantage to the industry in the form of rate and VAT relief and relief from income tax on investments (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Some of this sector organizations that file as charities are required to fulfil some specific conditions like they should operate with objectives like charity, non-profit making and advancement of education and sports. They need to operate with an objective to satisfy community in terms of benefits. In UK there are more than 200 national voluntary travel and tourism groups that embrace youth and community groups, touring groups, conservation groups, social sports clubs, heritage groups etc. Travel and Tourism Chain of Distribution The chain of distribution is a technique of offering products to the end consumers. It is applicable in each industry and subsequent is its traditional form: Producer Manufacturer Wholesaler Retailer Consumer The Traditional Chain of Distribution Usually, a manufacturer delivers its product or service to its consumer through wholesaler and retailer but it is not the case with travel and tourism industry (Moutinho 2000). In travel and tourism industry also a chain of distribution is followed that is as follows: Principals i.e. hotels, airlines and other transport companies Tour Operators Travel Agencies Consumers Travel and Tourism Traditional Chain of Distribution In travel tourism industry, traditional chain of distribution fit precisely into a class, for instance travel agent who performs specific business role. Although the industry is much more complex than this and in several instances the traditional chain (Rowe Smith 2002) has been contracted as follows: Principle Internet Consumer Principle Tour Operator Call centre Consumer Principle Tour Operator Television Consumer Principle Call centre Consumer These are some of the distribution channels used by UK travel and tour companies. As well, companies also not strictly follow one line of business because they used to buy or merge with other kinds of businesses. Tour operators now have bought or created airlines, travel agencies and hotels (BDO Hospitality Consulting 1996, p. 8). This is done for attaining significant commercial growth and market position. This buying or merger process by UK travel and tourism companies is recognized as vertical and horizontal integration (Rowe Smith 2002). The UK travel and tourism chain of distribution demonstrates that companies own the entire diverse component in the distribution chain and are able to manage the overall operation. This is done by UK travel and tourism organizations for attaining economies of scale and serving its customers with much more better prices (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). The distinctive distribution chain of UK travel and tourism firms represents that smaller operators serve with high pressure and if they dont try to operate at large scale will be forced to leave the industry (Rowe Smith 2002). Vertical and Horizontal Integration Vertical Integration: Vertical integration takes place when two firms from different levels merge or are bought in the chain of distribution (Moutinho 2000). This may be a backward integration such as a tour operator purchases a hotel, or forward integration like a tour operator purchases a travel agency. One of the substantial examples of vertical integration in UK is of First Choice Holidays plc. It possesses several tour operating for example First Choice Holidays and Sovereign (Schmidt 2008). As well, it also has its own travel agencies chain in UK operated under the First Choice Travel Shops and First Choice Holiday Hypermarkets names. Additionally, it also has its own charter airline First Choice Airways (Rowe Smith 2002). This type of integration done by companies is known as vertical integration in which a company possesses companies at different levels of distribution chain. The well known multiple agencies of UK are owned by a key tour operator. Going Places is a substantial element of the MyTravel Group and Thomson Travel Shops are possessed by Thomson (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Horizontal Integration: When a company possesses or manages other business at the same level of distribution chain is known as horizontal integration such as takeover of a small independent hotel by a major hotel group or takeover of a small travel agency by a big travel agency (Moutinho 2000). In UK recently a merger has taken place between Thomas Cook and MyTravel tour operators. In UK, horizontal integration is very common in the hotels sector and it is done with a motive of attaining economies of scale by assuring the functioning and marketing of extensive number of individual hotels (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Most of the UK travel and tour companies are integrated vertically and horizontally and it is done to strengthen their present and future market position (Rodgers 2001). Impact of Vertical and Horizontal Integration on Customer Choice Vertical and Horizontal integration, significantly affects customer choice as with the customer become able in purchasing a whole package at reasonable price in spite of purchasing different services at high price (Moutinho 2000). With vertical integration, it becomes easy for customer to make long-term relations with a firm as it will offer all kinds of products and services to its customers due to its presence in different business in different level of distribution chain (Rodgers 2001). On the other hand, horizontal integration also strengthens company position and they serve their customers in a much more effective manner with additional services at wholesome price package (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). In this way, it can be said that integration whether it is vertical or horizontal is beneficial for customer as it facilitates customers with more choices. With integration, industry players get more dominant and become better able to offer its customers with more choice at moderate prices and packages (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Tour Operators and Travel Agents A tour operator covers a holiday package that includes: Travel mode (road, rail, air or sea) Accommodation facilities through hotels, self catering villas, guest houses etc. Travel agencies that provide transfer facilities to customers such as car hire and excursions (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). The significant role of tour operators is to aggregate the diverse component that develop a holiday and put it for sale to consumers as packages. They are responsible for making contracts and associations with hotels, airline companies and transport companies to make an attractive package (Moutinho 2000). In UK, there are approximate 600 tour operators in which most of them are small companies that specialize in specific destinations or type of services. All tour operators of UK can be classified into following four categories: Mass-market operators: These tour operators sell holidays in high volume and it includes some of the well-known key players of industry like Thomson (TUI), MyTravel, Thomas Cook and First Choice Holidays (Middleton Lickorish 2007). Specialist operators: These operators are not as well-known as mass-market operators. In UK, there are number of specialist tour operators that provide customers with holidays and short breaks to Rome, Amazon adventure tours, Italy etc. These types of operators are becoming more popular due to its offering of individuals type of experience. Well-known specialist UK tour operator is Super-break (Investigating Travel and Tourism, n.d.) Domestic Operators: These operators design holiday packages for the home market. The well-known domestic operators are coach operators like WA Shearings and National Holidays. Both of these offer valuable products to older age groups (The Travel and Tourism Industry n.d.). Incoming tour Operators: These tour operators provide holidays and travel products for abroad visitors to Britain. Some operate from international locations where customers are and some operate from UK (Middleton Lickorish 2007). Some of the well known incoming tour operators are Gullivers Sports Travel, Pathfinders and Evan Evans Tours. All of these offer all inclusive package tours of the UK that are sold through international travel agents. Travel Agents Travel agents offer outgoing, incoming and domestic tourists with extensive leisure and business travel products and services (Middleton Lickorish 2007). In UK there are around 7000 travel agencies that are members of the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA). In UK, there are different types of travel agencies that include multiple, independent, maniple, e-agent and holiday hypermarkets. Travel agents work as a link among customers and tour operators and other principles like airlines and hotels (Investigating Travel and Tourism, n.d.) Before purchasing a holiday package visitors go to travel agents for suggestions, bookings and better services. Travel agents are responsible for ensuring that they are serving a customer with right and appropriate holiday or travel service. They also offer customers with coach, flight, rail or ferry bookings, specialist services and independent travel arrangements. Scheduled and Chartered Air Transport Scheduled Air Transport refers to the services that operate with a published timetable, on specified routes and with government licence. These services does not get affected by the number of passengers and due to this, it is generally used by business travellers as they are also ready to pay premium price for their comfort and convenience (Middleton Lickorish 2007). In UK, budget, low-cost or no frills airlines, provide scheduled services on various domestic and global routes at low prices. One of the significant advantages of this transport is this that it is regular and provides scheduled flights to customers. It offers customers with seats in different classes according to their suitability (Rowe Smith 2002). In addition to these advantages, one of the substantial disadvantage of schedules air transport is this that it does not offer flexibility to visitors as it operates in scheduled manner and is not affected with any factor. Chartered air transport refers to the services that are associated to the package holiday industry, in which tour operators make a contract with an airline for a distinctive route for a period. Some major UK tour operators possess their own airlines and due to this the sales of charter flights is declining (Investigating Travel and Tourism, n.d.). Major charter air transport services of UK are Monarch, Thomas Cook and MyTravel (Rowe Smith 2002). Charter air transport provides its customers with an advantage in terms of flights on reasonable price for specific purposes. These are provided by tour operators that assist customers in developing long-term relations. In addition to these advantages it also has a disadvantage that it does not serves its customers with flexibility as blocks of seats or whole flight is booked. Relationship and Links between Travel and Tourism Organizations In UK, almost all travel and tourism organisations work with link-up or associations in some or other way. In present almost all people travel for some purposes that may be adventure, business personal or holiday that is managed by tourism business of the country. Travel is done through different transportation facilities and it requires accommodations facilities that are provided by tourism organizations (Middleton Lickorish 2007). There is a relationship between travel and tourism and due to this all tourism organizations offers different facilities for travellers. Both of these types of organizations work together due to the similarity of their fields and business operations. The relationship between travel and tourism organizations can also be understood with the help of recent developments that pertains to increase in individuals travelling with diverse reasons. Nowadays customers prefer to buy a wholesome holiday package that serves them with all travel and tourism facilities (Rowe Smith 2002). Due to changes in customers preferences and demands, links between travel and tourism organizations has strengthened. All these aspects of UK travel and tourism industry demonstrates its structure and pattern of operations. If a company wants to operate successfully in UK travel and tourism industry it has to go through all the above discussed aspects and patterns. UK travel and tourism industry chain of distribution is different from traditional distribution chain that is essential to understand for attaining assured business success. Functioning of a Travel and Tourism Organization Subsequent to the discussion of UK travel and tourism industry structure, it becomes evident that there is a substantial relationship between countrys travel and tourism organizations and its distribution chain different from other industries. The pattern of business in UK travel and tourism industry is different from other countrys industry and it is essential to be understood for entering it successfully (Pender Sharpley 2005). The industry structure provides information of all essential components of the industry but for understanding it in more detail here, an individual organization will be evaluated that is Virgin Atlantic. It is a British airline company (Waugh 2000). The company functioning will be understand be developing a case study so it can enhance readers understanding. Virgin Atlantic Case Study Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited is also known as Virgin Atlantic. It is a British airline and functions between the United Kingdom and North America, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Australia. This UK airline is a well-known scheduled airline. The company operates with a CAA Type A Operating Licence to take passengers, cargo, and mail on plane with approximate 20 seats (Dickinson 2009). The company was founded in 1982 and in present it has become Britains second largest carrier that serves worlds 30 major cities, as well as New York, Washington D.C., Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, Sydney, Miami, Dubai, Los Angeles, Johannesburg, Hong Kong, and Tokyo from its bases that are at Londons Heathrow and Gatwick Airports. The company has enjoyed significant popularity and recognition all around the world due to its business operations. The Virgin airline has initiated number of innovations that had built new service standards that other industry players also followed (Rowe Smith 2002). In spite of its substantial growth its service still remains customer driven with a prominence on value for money, excellence, fun and improvement. The company functioning can be understood effectively with the help of subsequent aspects of its functioning: Ownership: The company is a British airline specifically situated in London. It is owned by Sir Richard Bransons Virgin Group and Singapore Airlines. Both the company holds 51% and 49% shares respectively. It was established in the year 1982 by Randolph Fields who was from America and was a lawyer, and Alan Hellary, who was a former chief pilot for Laker Airways (Dickinson 2009). In 1982, it was established as British Atlantic Airways and since 1984, it has been operating as Virgin Atlantic. The airline offers its customers with three class system that are Economy, Premium Economy and Upper class (Rowe Smith 2002). Aims and Objectives: The company operates with subsequent aims and objectives: Operate with the basic foundations that are safety, security and consistent delivery. Serve customers with quality service and value for money. Concentrate on the business and leisure markets and drive competence and effectualness. Operate with simplicity and in a way that love to fly. Become a growing and profitable organization (Dickinson 2009). Always challenge the ordinary and push airline innovation to serve passengers with something special and different. The company works in a direction to attain continuous specialization in range of innovations. The company works for creating a virtual contact centre network for serving customers all around the world with consistent, well-organized, effective and transparent services (Pender Sharpley 2005). Establish a global view of business for developing an ability to control al business operations. Create a flexible workforce and schedule people around skills and altering work demands (Dickinson 2009). Develop a business process that assist in managing all up and down business situations. Product Range: From the time of its initiation, the company is operating with diversification strategy. In present, the company operates long haul services and it provides customers with aircrafts, clubs and several other products. It offers flights between different cities of the world for assisting customers in their travelling (Dickinson 2009). The company has also brought in a strand of firsts admitting individual seat-back televisions for all economy passengers. As well, it also serves customers with automatic defibrillators. It also serves its upper class customers with limousine pick-up and Drive-Thru check-in (Bamber, Gittell Kochan 2009). Virgin Atlantic also operates with Clubhouses and Virgin lounges at its several destinations. The Virgin Clubhouses are intentionally planned to challenge the traditional airline industry patterns and for creating a different and unique travelling environment (Singh 2008). In the year 2003, the company launched its Upper Class Suite product that involved a falling back leather seat for takeoff, a well-designed sitting and eating place, fully flat bed and proper mattress for sleeping. As well, it also includes a private on-board bar at where customers can drink with their friends and a personal massage room. All these products are offered at reasonable price that others airline companies offer only to their first class customers. Services: All aircrafts of Virgin Atlantic aircraft operate with three-class configuration that is Economy, Premium Economy, and Upper Class cabins. Economy class is the standard coach class and serves customers with basic amenities (Dickinson 2009). Premium Economy class has its own different check-in area, a much more comfortable seat and legroom with much more amenities. This class passenger is also provided with laptop power supplies. The upper class is for business class and has all facilities. This class seat is fully flat bed and it also serves customers with seat power leads. In addition to this service, all Virgin Atlantic aircraft provide customers with personal seat-back televisions that furnish then with lots of entertainment channels. Most of company aircrafts also have an Audio/Video on Demand (AVOD) system. The company also have service of Frequent Flyer Programme, which benefit customers according to their use of Virgin aircraft for travelling again and again. Virgin Atlantic also provide some other additional services like the Freedom meal service, in-flight beauty therapy service, arrival lounges, flying clubs etc. Distribution Method: The company is established by making use of its own course within a model coherent with asserting the corporations image of customer friendliness, fair dealing and relative ease (Robinson 2009). The company remains concentrated on the UK markets and its business has explicated with the help of additional product and services (Dickinson 2009). The company make use of above distribution methods that precisely with airline products and services that are offered through tour operators and travel agents. From its initiation, its distribution methods had altered number of times and it is getting contracted day by day. Virgin Atlantic, serve its customers in a more and unique way. Pricing Policy: Price is a key element of airline strategy and it need to be agreed by targeted customers. It should be in a way that reflects companys other marketing mix elements also (Pender Sharpley 2005). Virgin Atlantic serves its customers with number of products at different price levels and with different pricing strategies. Its business segment is served with higher price whereas its economic class is served with low price (Singh 2008). For its different customers, the company make use of different pricing strategies like price skimming, penetration pricing, marginal pricing and promotional pricing. All these pricing strategies are used by customers for serving different types of customers and their different needs (Eccles Costa 1996, p. 49). The company pricing strategy is designed in a way that tries to offer superior service by undercutting competitors prices (Driver 1999, P. 136). Marketing Activities (Promotional Activities): The company make use of different marketing activities for promoting its products and services in the UK travel and tourism industry. The company had made use of different marketing mix elements that are also apparent in its vision and mission strategy. In addition to this, for promoting its products and services, the company make use of different advertising strategies and channels of media (Eccles Costa 1996, p. 47). The company had launched different services that all are promoted in different ways and through print and television. In addition to this, it also makes use of different advertising campaigns and promotional offers for its customers so that they can be driven towards Virgin Atlantic craft services (Robinson 2009). Regulatory and Licensing Requirements: The company is an airline company and before initiating any of its operations it has to attain support and approval from several national regulatory bodies or firms. The first regulatory body is the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) that governs the UK aviation sector. All airline companies services are regulated by CAA so that a diverse and competitive industry environment can be encouraged in the country (Driver 2001). Other substantial regulatory bodies from which approval is essential are the Air Transport Users Council and National Air Traffic Services. These authorities have altered traditional aviation laws and it had assisted companies in their old licensing laws (Pender Sharpley 2005). Membership of Associations with Benefits: Virgin Atlantic operates by associating with different associations as it provides the company with several benefits like market dominance, competitive advantage, environment-friendly image etc (Zeithaml, Bitner Gremler 2005). The company has an association with the Tourism Review and Implementation Group that was developed in 2004. This association has members from different fields like tourism, public sector and education. In addition to this, the company also operate with number of other associations that strengthen companys image in the mind of its domestic as well as international customers. Relationship with other Travel and Tourism Organizations: From its initiation, Virgin Atlantic has developed strong relationships with other travel and tourism organizations as it has tie ups with number of hotels, tour operators and travel agents that promotes both the companies. The company long-established success is the result of its effective relationships with other travel and tourism companies (Balmforth 2009). The company promotes its products and service by making contracts with tour operators that provide all-inclusive holiday packages to their customers. As well it also operates by associating

Symbolism in How I Learned to Drive by Paula Vogel Essay -- How Learne

Paula Vogel’s play, How I Learned to Drive, artistically tackles the disturbing issue of incestual pedophilia. The play’s protagonist Li’l Bit narrates the action as she goes through her memory of specific events. Much like stream of consciousness, her narration does not lead chronologically to scenes in her past. Rather it jumps back and forth between the present and different points in her life. She tells of her memories of youth and her sexual and emotional relationship with her Uncle Peck. Rather than simply telling about her experiences, though, Li’l Bit shares her memories through vignettes which show the audience her role in the affair within the context of learning to drive (Greene 425). Vogel’s writing exudes symbolism from the first word of the script to the last – from the rise of the curtain to its close. The glimpses into Li’l Bit’s past are sometimes explicitly and literally described, but Vogel also often uses extended metaphors to act as a detailed commentary on the action. Why, however, did the playwright choose symbolism to convey the effects of sexual abuse – as heavy as its subject matter may be – during the late twentieth century when seemingly nothing is censored in America? In order to answer this and better understand the way in which Vogel uses symbolism –in the smaller elements of the play and extended metaphors – the terms must first be defined. Symbolism can be defined as â€Å"the representation of a reality on one level of reference by a corresponding reality on another† (â€Å"Symbolism† 564). The word symbol comes from the Greek word "symballein," which translates literally into â€Å"to throw together† and suggests the combining of two unrelated worlds. Much... .... Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. 1617-19. Houchin, John H. Censorship of the American Theatre in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2003. â€Å"Metaphor.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 377-8. Pellegrini, Ann. â€Å"The Plays of Paula Vogel.† A Companion to Twentieth-Century American Drama. Ed. David Krasner. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. 473-84. Redmond, James, ed. Drama and Symbolism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1982. Vol. 4 of Themes in Drama. 1982-1986. 7-10, 37. Savran, David. â€Å"Paula Vogel.† The Playwright’s Voice. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1999. 267-88. â€Å"Symbolism.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 564-9. Symbolism in How I Learned to Drive by Paula Vogel Essay -- How Learne Paula Vogel’s play, How I Learned to Drive, artistically tackles the disturbing issue of incestual pedophilia. The play’s protagonist Li’l Bit narrates the action as she goes through her memory of specific events. Much like stream of consciousness, her narration does not lead chronologically to scenes in her past. Rather it jumps back and forth between the present and different points in her life. She tells of her memories of youth and her sexual and emotional relationship with her Uncle Peck. Rather than simply telling about her experiences, though, Li’l Bit shares her memories through vignettes which show the audience her role in the affair within the context of learning to drive (Greene 425). Vogel’s writing exudes symbolism from the first word of the script to the last – from the rise of the curtain to its close. The glimpses into Li’l Bit’s past are sometimes explicitly and literally described, but Vogel also often uses extended metaphors to act as a detailed commentary on the action. Why, however, did the playwright choose symbolism to convey the effects of sexual abuse – as heavy as its subject matter may be – during the late twentieth century when seemingly nothing is censored in America? In order to answer this and better understand the way in which Vogel uses symbolism –in the smaller elements of the play and extended metaphors – the terms must first be defined. Symbolism can be defined as â€Å"the representation of a reality on one level of reference by a corresponding reality on another† (â€Å"Symbolism† 564). The word symbol comes from the Greek word "symballein," which translates literally into â€Å"to throw together† and suggests the combining of two unrelated worlds. Much... .... Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. 1617-19. Houchin, John H. Censorship of the American Theatre in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2003. â€Å"Metaphor.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 377-8. Pellegrini, Ann. â€Å"The Plays of Paula Vogel.† A Companion to Twentieth-Century American Drama. Ed. David Krasner. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. 473-84. Redmond, James, ed. Drama and Symbolism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1982. Vol. 4 of Themes in Drama. 1982-1986. 7-10, 37. Savran, David. â€Å"Paula Vogel.† The Playwright’s Voice. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1999. 267-88. â€Å"Symbolism.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 564-9.

Joseph Stalin Essay -- Stalin’s Rise to Power

Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953, when he died. He was responsible for one of the most notable and devastating genocides, the Great Purge. His vicious reign took the lives of around 20-60 million people by his rigid and cruel treatment. Through his exploitation of the lower class and his manipulative abuse of power, Stalin created one of the worst examples of leadership in history. It takes an interesting character to be able to execute the cruelties displayed in his regime and the traits that Stalin developed into his cult of personality were likely acquired as a child and adolescent. This paper will discuss how Stalin’s background helped build the qualities of a ruthless leader and how he displayed them at the time of his power. His destruction of the citizens’ rights and his failure to maintain his responsibilities as ruler will also be reflected upon throughout this writing. Stalin’s Childhood and Background Stalin was born December 18, 1878 in Gori Georgia. His mother was named Ketevan Geladze. His biological father is not accurately known, although, there are many theories as to whom his paternal father is. It could’ve been that Stalin is the descendant of a Gregorian prince or count. Another theory is that Stalin is the son of General Nikolai Przhevalsky who was one of the great scientific explorers of the 19th century. Stalin could have been the son of a Jewish wine merchant named Yaakov Egnatashvili. His mother did laundry in his household. This is one of the most likely theories due to the fact that he paid for Stalin’s seminary education and Stalin named his first son Yaakov in Egnatashvili’s honor. Stalin also could have been the son of a priest. It is even possible that his father... ...ctment of the phone call between Stalin and Krupskaya. Matthews, John R., 1937 – The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union / by John R. Matthews. P. cm.-(World History Series) This discussed the history of the Soviet Union, from the Revolution of 1917 through the Lenin and Stalin eras. "Joseph Stalin." Joseph Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014 This web source detailed on Stalins ‘cult of personality’ and gave more input on his distortion of the media image. "The Art of Conservatism." : Marxism According to Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014 Showed how Stalin manipulated Marxism and revealed his interpretation of Marxist ideologies as compared to actual Marxist beliefs. "Marxism." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. Provided a definition of Marxism and a brief history of how it was adapted in Stalinist Russia.

American Beauty: Interpersonal Conflict in Film Essay

In any type of relationship there is conflict. It is inevitable really as the needs of more than one person must be met to have a copacetic or symbiotic relationship. Whether the interpersonal conflict is constructive or destructive, the key to its resolution is in how the conflict is managed and the amelioration each party receives from it. That is easier said than done though. Watching interpersonal conflict play out in film is a cathartic way to empathize with a character that is or characters that are going through a similar conflict experienced by the films viewer. This viewer can take note of the outcome from the decision the character(s) made in this similar instance. If the viewer had taken a negative route, this film can provide him or her with the alternative to his or her behavior should this situation arise again. If the viewer had taken a positive route this can show him or her what could have been had he or she not made the decision(s) he or she in fact made. In the film American Beauty, the viewer is shown what the question of beauty always begs to answer with a wry outlook. Is beauty only held in the outward appearance? Is beauty this mask worn to show the world what we think they want to see? Or is beauty what we keep sheltered or locked within? Is it what is inside- our thoughts, passions, hopes, dreams, strengths and weaknesses? Is it what is just below the surface- skeletons in the closet or the dysfunctional realm only few are privy to and no one really puts a spotlight on?

Doe Season by David Michael Kaplan Essay

There atomic number 18 many minor points presented in the rook story Doe Season by David Michael Kaplan, appearing in Portable literature Seventh Edition on pages 368 finished 378, however there is further adept overwhelming theme presented passim the sum of the short story. It is through the protagonist, Andy, a nine-year-old caper, which the theme of glide slope of age, and the struggle most children atomic number 18 forced to experience when faced with creation of having to fester up and leave childhood behind is presented.Before going on this track down trigger off Andy has however to acquit the truth about the way she behaves, she does non find it odd that she enjoys the same activities that her tyro and teen boys enjoy. It is only when her initiate do the comment Thats what the woods are all about anyway Its where the women dont want to go Kaplan 374. Andy is immediately embarrassed when her father recognizes this remark. She realizes that the 3 men w ith her on this hunting trip see her as just some other one of the boys instead than a young woman when Charlie and Mac begin to plop on her, saying things the uniform She aint a woman Kaplan 374 and Shes one-half a boy anyway Kaplan 374. Charlie take away then proposes that Andy has a choice to make regarding her g fireer when he asks her which gender she choses to be A boy or daughter Kaplan 374 referring to Andys decision to be called a boys name, Andy, as conflicting to her real name Andrea.She responds simply to Charlies question I am a miss Kaplan 374 attempting to put a leave office to Charlies teasing. In this fleck Andy realizes that she is no extended a child, allowed to play in the dirt and hang out with the boys without judgment, unless she is a girl who should no long-acting enjoy the same activities as her father. This moment in the story is very meaningful to revealing the theme as it illustrates the initial moment of recognition by Andy that she is no longer allowed to behave like a young boy. There are overly times in the story that bet to refute the theme, depicting the image of a nine year old girl who understood wants to be just like her father, hunting with the guys. Andy heldthe cup like her father did, not by the handle unless around the rim. Kaplan 370. In this passage it is revealed that Andy was neer allowed to drink coffee while at home with her mother, but on this hunting trip her father allowed her to have a cup with the rest of the guys. Although, while crapulence it She felt a infinitesimal smelly Kaplan 370 she drank it all, trying to impress her father and their friends.This rely to impress her father, Charlie and Mac may put on the impression that Andy has no desire to grow out of being pas little tomboy but preferably wishes to remain as so. However, this scene only develops the theme more deeply because it reveals to the lector Andys complete unawareness of the coming passage from child to young l ady. I arrived at this theme after development about the internal and external struggles that Andy experiences throughout the hunting trip she is attending with her father, his friend, Charlie withdraw, and Charlies son, Mac. At the beginning of the trip Andy is still daddys little tomboy, so much so that she is close to like a son to him rather than a daughter. However by the end of the hunting trip Andy has developed into daddys young woman, deciding to no longer be called Andy, a boys name, but Andrea, the name she was given at birth, the name of a lady.She is no longer intrigued by hunting, a males activity, but is instead disgusted by it. When Andy watches her father cut open the deer she shot she runs in the opposite direction, deviation behind daddys little tomboy and becoming daddys matured girl as she runs And straight off they we all calling out to herCharlie Spoon and Mac and her fathercrying Andy, Andy (but that wasnt her name, she would no longer be called that) y et louder than any of them was the wind blowing through the treetops, like the ocean where her mother floated in thou water, also calling Come in, do it in, while all around her roared the do by of the terrible, now inevitable sea. Kaplan 378